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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing
Published on: October 11, 2015
自然に形成されたdsRNAsからの内在的なsiRNAsは,マウスの卵細胞のトランスクリプトを調節する
Toshiaki Watanabe1, Yasushi Totoki, Atsushi Toyoda
1Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima 411-8540, Japan. toshwata@lab.nig.ac.jp
Nature
|April 12, 2008
まとめ
哺乳類の卵子細胞は,RNA依存型RNAポリメラーゼ (RdRP) 活動がない場合でも,遺伝子の発現とレトロトランポゾンを調節するために,天然の二重鎖RNA (dsRNA) から派生した内生性小干渉RNA (siRNA) を利用します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
背景:
- RNA干渉 (RNAi) は,二重鎖RNA (dsRNA) を含む配列特異的な遺伝子静止機構である.
- 内生性小干渉RNA (siRNAs) は,通常,RNA依存型RNAポリメラーゼ (RdRP) を必要とし,その生体生成と機能のために必要である.
- RdRP活動が欠如している哺乳類における内生性siRNAの役割と起源は,ほとんど特徴づけられていないままである.
研究 の 目的:
- ネズミの卵細胞における内生性siRNAの生物発生と機能を調査する.
- 哺乳類の卵細胞における小RNAの源泉と調節作用を特定する.
- RdRPが存在しない場合に,遺伝子およびレトロトランポゾン調節におけるRNAi経路の関与を解明する.
主な方法:
- 成長するマウスの卵細胞における小さなRNAの深層配列化.
- 小型の干渉RNA (siRNA) とPiwi相互作用RNA (piRNA) の配列と起源の分析.
- DicerおよびAgo2ノックアウトマウス卵細胞における遺伝子およびレトロトランポゾン発現の評価.
主要な成果:
- ミリと結合した豊富なpiRNAsと,レトロトランスポゾンとタンパク質をコードするトランスクリプトから派生したsiRNAsの識別.
- 自然に発生するdsRNAsは,逆の繰り返しやアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトのようなソースから,siRNAsを生成することを実証.
- DicerまたはAgo2の喪失は,siRNAの減少と標的トランスクリプトのレベルの増加につながり,RNAi経路の機能を確認する証拠です.
結論:
- 固有のsiRNAは哺乳類の卵細胞に存在し,機能しており,タンパク質をコードする遺伝子とレトロトランポゾンの両方を調節します.
- RdRPが欠けている哺乳類の生物は,内生的なdsRNAsから機能的な内生性siRNAsを生成することができます.
- 擬似遺伝子は,siRNAsの前駆体として機能し,RNAi経由でその創設源であるmRNAsの調節に寄与する.
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関連する概念動画
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

