母,新生児,子供の生存率の2015年までのカウントダウン:介入の追跡範囲に関する2008年報告書
1, , Jennifer Bryce
1(Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, USA. jbrycedanby@aol.com
Lancet (London, England)
|April 15, 2008
まとめ
母親と子供の生存率の改善は可能ですが,集中的な努力が必要です. 予防接種の範囲は急速に増加したが,技能のある出産担当や産後ケアなどの基本的なサービスは,優先度の高い国々では依然として低い水準にある.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 公共衛生の介入 公共衛生の介入
- 母親と子供の健康について
背景:
- 2015年までのカウントダウンイニシアチブは,母親,新生児,子供の生存のための優先介入を追跡しています.
- 世界的な母子死亡の97%を担う68カ国に焦点を当てています.
- 死亡率を減らすための22のエビデンスベースの介入をモニターします.
研究 の 目的:
- ミレニアム開発目標 (MDG) 4と5の達成に向けた68カ国の進捗状況を報告する.
- 主要な母,新生児,および子供の生存介入のカバーを分析する.
- 死亡率,栄養状態,政策,資金調達,公平性の傾向を追跡する.
主な方法:
- 高い母子死亡率を有する国の選択.
- 国別死亡率データと介入範囲の分析.
- 死因プロファイル,栄養指標,政策,金融流動,資本の追跡.
主要な成果:
- 68の優先国のうち,MDG4を達成する進路にあるのは16か国のみで,2005年以降は7か国が進んでいる.
- 殆どの国において,妊産婦死亡率は高いままであり,MDG5の動向は把握できませんでした.
- 覆盖範囲は幅広く変化し,日常的な介入 (免疫,産前ケア) は,緊急治療や産後ケアよりも高い覆盖率を示した.
結論:
- 集中的な介入によって,母子生存率の有意な進歩は達成可能である.
- 予防接種のために,投資と被覆範囲の拡大は極めて重要です.
- 避妊サービス,出産ケア,産後ケア,新生児/小児の病気管理の緊急改善が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
International Nursing Organizations II
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Primary Healthcare Services
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

