山の松虫と森林の炭素フィードバックが気候変動に与える影響
W A Kurz1, C C Dymond, G Stinson
1Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 1M5, Canada. wkurz@nrcan.gc.ca
Nature
|April 25, 2008
まとめ
ブリティッシュ・コロンビアのマウンテン・パイン・ビートルズ (Mountain Pine Beetle) の流行は,森林を炭素吸収場から炭素の供給源に変えている. この昆虫による破壊は,森林の炭素ダイナミクスに大きな影響を及ぼし,気候変動モデルではしばしば見過ごされる要因である.
科学分野:
- 林業科学 林業科学とは
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 気候変動に関する研究
背景:
- 山の松虫 (Dendroctonus ponderosae) の発生は,北米西部の松林で繰り返し発生しています.
- これらのアウトブレイクは,森林の炭素吸収に影響を及ぼし,分解による排出量を増加させ,木々の著しい死亡率を引き起こします.
- 現在の大規模モデリングでは,森林の炭素動態に対する昆虫の影響がしばしば見過ごされている.
研究 の 目的:
- 2000年から2020年にかけてのブリティッシュ・コロンビア州の山の松虫の発生による累積的な炭素影響を推定する.
- 甲虫による樹木の死亡率による,森の炭素バランスのシンクから源への変化を評価する.
- 森林火災などの他の主要な排出源と,アウトブレイクの炭素影響を比較する.
主な方法:
- 定義された期間 (2000~2020年) と面積 (37万4000km2) の累積的な炭素影響の推定.
- 面積単位あたりの年間平均炭素排出量の計算.
- 森林火災関連排出量と森林火災関連排出量と原産物の純変動を比較する.
主要な成果:
- 甲虫の発生による累積的な影響は270メガトン (Mt) の炭素と推定されています.
- 影響を受けた森林は,炭素の純吸収源から,炭素の純供給源へと変化した.
- ピーク年に発生した森林火災の影響は,カナダの年間平均森林火災排出量の約75% (1959年-1999年) に相当する.
結論:
- 気候変動によって悪化する昆虫の発生は,北部の森林の炭素吸収能力を弱める重要な要因である.
- 甲虫の発生による大きな炭素排出は,大規模な気候と森林管理モデルにそれらを含めることを必要としています.
- 気候変動は,現在の昆虫の発生の前例のない規模と深刻さの主要な要因である.
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