火災で発生した木炭は,森林の湿土の損失を引き起こします
David A Wardle1, Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Olle Zackrisson
1Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden. david.wardle@svek.slu.se
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 3, 2008
まとめ
火災による木炭は,長期的に炭素を吸収するものの,微生物の活動を増やすことにより,森林土壌の炭素の損失を加速させることができます. この研究は,木炭が木炭であることを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 林業科学 林業科学とは
- 土壌科学 土壌科学
- 気候変動に関する研究
背景:
- 火は,炭素貯蔵に影響を与える重要な世界的な要因です.
- 火災からの黒炭 (木炭) は,土壌の持続的な成分であり,しばしば炭素シンクと見なされます.
- 木炭が土壌の炭素に及ぼす長期的な影響を理解することは,気候モデルにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 森林土壌の炭素ダイナミクスに対する火災由来の木炭の影響を調査する.
- 炭火が北極森林における微生物の活動に影響を与えているかどうかを判断する.
- 時間の経過とともに木炭が土壌の炭素吸収に与える純影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 10年間のフィールド実験は,3つの異なる北極森林のスタンドで実施されました.
- この実験では,森林の湿土と土壌の炭素の変化をモニターした.
- 土壌における微生物活性は,木炭の存在で測定されました.
主要な成果:
- 火災から派生した木炭は,森林の湿土の損失を促進することが判明しました.
- この炭素の損失は,木炭によって刺激された微生物の活性化と相関していた.
- 実験では,木炭,微生物,土壌の炭素の間の重要な相互作用が実証されました.
結論:
- 長期的な土壌の炭素吸収源としての木炭の役割は,炭素の損失を加速する能力によって部分的に否定される可能性があります.
- 炭火による微生物分解の強化は,炭素結合の利点を相殺する.
- 森林の炭素サイクルにおける火と木炭の複雑な役割を完全に理解するためには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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