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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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RNase Pなしの生活とは

Lennart Randau1, Imke Schröder, Dieter Söll

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA.

Nature
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

Nanoarchaeum equitansのアーケオンには,転送RNA (tRNA) の成熟に不可欠なリボヌクレアゼP (RNase P) が欠けている. 代わりに,独特のtRNA遺伝子プロモーター配置を使用して,リードレスtRNAを生成し,RNase P.の必要性を回避します.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • リボヌクレアゼP (RNase P) は,トランスファーRNA (tRNA) 5'端の成熟に不可欠な,普遍的に保存されているリボヌクレアプロテイン酵素である.
  • 標準的なゲノムおよび生化学分析により,機能的なRNase P酵素が特定できなかったため,Nanoarchaeum equitansのアーカイオンは異常を呈しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • カノニカルRNase P.の不在でNanoarchaeum equitansにおけるtRNA 5'成熟のメカニズムを調査する.
  • この生物が,普遍的な酵素の明らかな喪失にもかかわらず,tRNA処理を達成する方法を理解する.

主な方法:

  • Nanoarchaeum equitansのゲノムを計算分析した.
  • 細胞抽出物を用いた生化学分析.
  • tRNA 5'端末と前駆体構造の分析.
  • 処理されたtRNAのアミノアシレーションの検証.

主要な成果:

  • Nanoarchaeum equitansのゲノムは,識別可能なRNase P遺伝子を欠いている.
  • 保存されたtRNA遺伝子プロモーターの位置は,リーダーレスtRNAの合成を可能にします.

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  • 成熟したtRNA種は5'トリフォスファートターミニで識別され,RNase P.から独立した処理を示した.
  • tRNAの転写開始にはピュリンが必要であり,5'サイトシンを持つtRNAは,余分なピュリンで延長された5'末端を示します.
  • これらの改変されたtRNAは,アミノアシル-tRNA合成酵素の機能的基板である.

    • 結論:

    • Nanoarchaeum equitansは,RNase P.の必要性を回避して,tRNA 5'成熟のための代替戦略を開発しました.
    • tRNA遺伝子とプロモーター要素のゲノム再編成は,機能的でリーダーのないtRNAの生成を可能にします.
    • この適応は,ゲノム凝縮のような進化的圧力の下で,古代の不可欠な酵素の損失を克服する自然の能力を強調しています.