隠されたネオトロピカル多様性:その部分の和よりも大きい
Marty A Condon1, Sonja J Scheffer, Matthew L Lewis
1Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA. mcondon@cornellcollege.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 20, 2008
まとめ
熱帯の昆虫の多様性は,植物多様性だけによるものではない. 宿主植物分布と地理的歴史は,植物に存在する草食性ハエの種の数も決定する.
科学分野:
- トロピカル生態学 トロピカル生態学
- 昆虫の生物多様性について
- 植物と昆虫の相互作用
背景:
- 熱帯の草食動物である昆虫の多様性は,しばしば植物種の多様性と直接関係している.
- 以前の説明では,他の要因を完全に考慮していなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 植物種の多様性が熱帯草食昆虫の多様性の主要な原動力であるという仮説を検証する.
- 昆虫の多様性を形成する宿主植物分布と地理的要因の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 34のネオトロピカル地域で24種の植物の花と種から2857羽のハエを育てている.
- 形態学的に類似した52種類のハエの種を特定し,宿主特異性のパターンを分析した.
- 広範囲に広がる植物種と植物集団内のフライ種の豊かさを調べる.
主要な成果:
- 宿主種と特定の植物部位 (雄の花と雌の花) に対する特異性の高度に保存されたパターンを観察した.
- 広範囲に広がる植物種は,最大13種のハエの種を支えていることが判明しました.
- 単一の植物集団内の雄性および雌性花に特化した独特のハエ種を特定しました.
結論:
- ネオトロピカル草食昆虫の多様性は,単に植物の分類学および建築的多様性以上の影響を受けています.
- 宿主植物の地理的分布は,新熱帯の年齢と面積とともに,重要な要因である.
- 植物と昆虫の相互作用は,進化史と地理史によって形成された複雑な特異性パターンを表しています.
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