関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 5, 2026

16:24
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
Published on: August 2, 2012
短距離の吸引力を持つ粒子の凝縮
Peter J Lu1, Emanuela Zaccarelli, Fabio Ciulla
1Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. plu@fas.harvard.edu
Nature
|May 24, 2008
まとめ
短距離の引き寄せを持つコロイド系における凝結は,熱力学的不安定性であるスピノダ分解によって開始されます. このプロセスは,密度の変動と動的に閉じ込められたクラスターにつながり,ゲルを形成し,液体-ガス相分離に関連しています.
科学分野:
- コロイドと材料科学 コロイドと材料科学
- ソフトマター物理学 ソフトマター物理学
- 物理化学 物理化学
背景:
- ナノスケールとコロイド粒子は,物質の性質を大幅に変化させ,集積を通じて複雑な流体の固体のような振る舞いを誘導します.
- 粒子同士がメソスコピックなクラスターやネットワークに集結することは,粒子同士の引き寄せによって引き起こされ,ゲル形成につながります.
- 拡散限定クラスター集積 (DLCA),運動停止,相分離,浸透,阻害などの凝固に関する既存の理論は,特に凝固相境界に関して,コンセンサスが欠如しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 短距離のイソトロプ的吸引力を持つ球形粒子のシステムにおけるゼレーションを駆動する基本的メカニズムを調査する.
- 凝縮と熱力学的相変遷の関係を解明する.
- 異なる粒子システムに適用できる凝固の統一された理解を確立する.
主な方法:
- コロイド系における凝縮ダイナミクスの実験調査.
- 制御された魅力的な相互作用下で粒子集積とクラスター形成の分析.
- 実験的観測を理論的な予測と相分離と浸透のシミュレーションと比較する.
主要な成果:
- 凝結は,スピノダの分解によって開始され,短距離の引き寄せから生じる熱力学的不安定性です.
- 脊柱の分解は,密度の変動を誘発し,横断的なクラスターを形成し,それらは動的に停止してゲルを作ります.
- 段階分離が予測されるすべてのサンプルで凝結が観察され,凝結と平衡液体-ガス相分離の間の直接的な関連性を支持しています.
結論:
- 短距離の引き寄せを持つコロイド系における凝結は,平衡状態の液体・ガス相分離の直接的な結果であり,単なる運動現象ではない.
- この発見は,ペルコレーションではなく,相分離が,魅力的な球体のモデルにおける凝結の関連メカニズムであることを示唆しています.
- この凝固の統一されたイメージは,顕微鏡の細部とは無関係であり,短距離の魅力を示す粒子のシステムに広く適用できます.
関連する概念動画
Intermolecular Forces
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Van der Waals Interactions
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Chemical Bonds
Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...

