癌に対する遺伝的感受性:候補遺伝子のポリモルフィズムの役割
Linda M Dong1, John D Potter, Emily White
1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
JAMA
|May 29, 2008
まとめ
候補遺伝子関連研究によると,遺伝子変異によるがん関連のほぼ3分の1が有意であることが示されています. GSTM1のような代謝酵素の変異は,がんリスクと一貫して強い関連性を示しています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- がん研究 がん研究
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- ゲノタイプとDNA収集の進歩は,遺伝的関連の研究を推進しています.
- 観察的研究は,ますます遺伝データを組み込んでいる.
研究 の 目的:
- 癌の感受性を理解するための候補遺伝子関連研究の進展と影響を評価する.
- これらの研究の現在の知識への貢献を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2008年3月まで発表された遺伝子ポリモルフィズムとがんリスクに関するメタ分析とプール分析の体系的レビュー.
- 含有基準: >=500例,がんリスクアウトカム,HLAマーカーの除外,英語.
- データ抽出には,がんの部位,遺伝子,変異種,効果推定値,信頼区間,および研究の特徴が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 161のメタ解析で,344の遺伝子変異によるがん関連が評価されました.
- 28% (98/344) の関連が統計的に有意であった (P <.05).
- 偽陽性報告確率 (FPRP) を調整した後,GSTM1ゼロと膀癌,NAT2遅いアセチレーターと膀癌,MTHFR C677Tと胃癌,GSTM1ゼロと急性白血病を含む4つの主要な関連が注目され続けました.
結論:
- 候補遺伝子変異のがん関連のほぼ3分の1が統計的有意性を示した.
- 代謝酵素をコードする遺伝子の変異は,最も一貫して重要な発見の1つでした.
- GSTM1 nullのような特定の遺伝子変異は,特定のがんと強い関連性を示しています.
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