ログなのか,線形なのか? 西洋とアマゾン原住民の文化における数字スケールの明確な直感
Stanislas Dehaene1, Véronique Izard, Elizabeth Spelke
1INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 31, 2008
まとめ
数値空間マッピングは普遍的な人間の直感であり,当初は対数的であり,文化的発明ではありません. 正式な教育はこれを,西洋の成人に見られるように,線形数直線に形作る.
科学分野:
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
- 異文化研究とは異文化研究です.
- 発達心理学の心理学について
背景:
- 数値空間のマッピングは,数学的な理解に不可欠です.
- 数値空間マッピングの起源 (文化的対普遍的) は議論されている.
- アマゾン原住民の集団は,形式的な教育が減少しているため,ユニークな洞察を提供しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 数値空間マッピングの普遍性を調査する.
- 数値空間のマッピングが先天的な直感なのか,それとも文化的構造なのかを判断する.
- 教育を受けた西洋人集団と教育を受けていない先住民族集団の数字空間マッピングを比較する.
主な方法:
- アマゾンの先住民集団であるムンドゥルーク族の数字空間マッピングを研究した.
- 年代別マッピングを西洋の成人と比較した.
- 象徴的および非象徴的数字表現の両方を利用しました.
- 西洋の成人のカウントを阻止するために操作された条件.
主要な成果:
- あらゆる年齢のMundurucu参加者は一貫して数字 (象徴的および非象徴的) を対数スケールにマッピングしました.
- 西洋の成人は,小さな/象徴的な数に対して線形マッピングを用い,数えるのが嫌なときに非象徴的な数に対して対数マッピングを用いていました.
- 線形数直線は,文化的に得られた表現であるように見える.
結論:
- 数値空間マッピングは普遍的な認知直感であり,当初は対数的であった.
- 線形数直線は,おそらく正式な教育に依存する文化的発明である.
- 初期の数学的認知は,本質的に対数的であり,教育を通じて線形性が生まれている可能性があります.
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