感知の正確さと,確実性の相反する影響が,リスクを負う行動に及ぼす影響
Sharoni Shafir1, Taly Reich, Erez Tsur
1B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Nature
|June 13, 2008
まとめ
意思決定に関する研究は,確実性がより安全な選択肢の好みを高める確実性効果を明らかにしています. 種ではなく知覚の精度が,この決定バイアスに関する人間とミツバチの矛盾した結果を説明しています.
科学分野:
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- 動物の認知能力 動物の認知能力
- 意思決定科学 意思決定科学
背景:
- 確実性効果は,期待される有用性理論からの偏差であり,確実な結果に対する好みの増加を記述します.
- 以前の研究では,動物では確実性効果が示され,ヒトでは逆効果が示され,複製の危機が引き起こされた.
- 矛盾する発見は,リスクと確実性の下で意思決定に影響を与える根本的なメカニズムを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間と動物における確実性効果に関する矛盾する発見を調和させる.
- リスク下での意思決定における知覚の正確性の役割を調査する.
- 経験に基づく選択におけるマッチング行動のプロセスベースのモデルをテストする.
主な方法:
- 人間とミツバチ (Apis mellifera) の実験は,経験に基づく意思決定のタスクを伴うものです.
- 報酬値の差別を変化させるために知覚の精度を操作する.
- 結果をプロセスベースのマッチング行動モデルと比較する.
主要な成果:
- 確実性効果と逆確実性効果は,実験的にヒトとミツバチの両方に誘発することができます.
- 確実性効果は,報酬の差別が困難である場合に発生します (高い感知ノイズ).
- 報酬の差別が容易である場合 (低感知ノイズ) に逆の確実性効果が発生します.
結論:
- 種や意思決定メカニズムではなく,知覚の精度が,矛盾する確実性効果の発見を説明します.
- マッチング行動の単純なプロセスベースのモデルは,確実性と逆の確実性効果を示す経験に基づく決定を説明します.
- 発見は,種間の意思決定バイアスを理解する際に知覚的要因の重要性を強調しています.
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