森林伐採を超えて:荒廃した土地の森林と生態系サービスの回復
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA. chazdon@uconn.edu
まとめ
旧農地と新しい植林地の再生により,世界の森林面積が増加しています. これらの新しい森林は有益ですが,気候変動やその他の脅威に対する回復力を確保するために適応管理が必要です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 林業 林業 林業 林業 林業
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 森林の劣化が続いているにもかかわらず,自然再生と森林化のイニシアチブによって,世界の森林面積は増加しています.
- 新しい森林生態系が,農業用地や,専用の植林施設を通じて,以前は森林化されていない土地に生まれています.
研究 の 目的:
- 森林の覆面の増加が生態系サービスと生物多様性に及ぼす影響を分析する.
- 森林の回復と再生のための効果的な戦略を探求する.
- 将来の森林生態系のために適応管理の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 森林覆いの変化における世界の傾向の見直し.
- 再生林や植林林の生態学的特徴の分析.
- 森林回復の成功に影響を与える要因の評価.
- 回復力のある森林生態系のための管理アプローチの検討.
主要な成果:
- 森林の覆面を増やすことは,生態系サービスと生物多様性の保全に潜在的な利益をもたらします.
- 復元された森林と植えられた森林は,元の森林の生態系と組成と構造が異なる.
- 森林の復元アプローチは,特定の場所の劣化レベルと望ましい結果に合わせたものでなければなりません.
- 回復目標と持続可能な生計と地域社会の関与を統合することは実現可能である.
結論:
- 新しい森林の生態系は,価値あるものですが,元の森林の構造と機能を完全に複製することはできません.
- 適応的な管理戦略は,気候変動と人為的な圧力に耐えられるレジリエントな森林システムの開発に不可欠です.
- 森林の回復を成功させるには,文脈特有のアプローチと地域社会の関与が必要です.
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