利己的な市民のために設計された政策は",道徳的感情"を損なう可能性があります:経済実験からの証拠
1Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. samuel.bowles@gmail.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 21, 2008
まとめ
経済的なインセンティブは,道徳的価値観を弱体化させ,利己主義を促進することによって,反発する可能性があります. 効果的な政策は,社会的利益のために,物質的利益と道徳的感情のバランスをとらなければならない.
科学分野:
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- モラル心理学 モラル心理学
- 公共政策 公共政策 公共政策
背景:
- 組織や経済は,自己利益と道徳的感情の両方に依存しています.
- 公共政策は,集団の利益のために自己利益を活用することができます.
- 動機付けは,道徳的価値観と矛盾した場合に失敗するかもしれません.
研究 の 目的:
- 経済的インセンティブの影響に関する行動実験をレビューする.
- インセンティブが逆効果になる可能性があることを理解する.
- 自己利益と道徳的価値観を一致させる政策をどのように設計するか探求する.
主な方法:
- 行動実験のレビュー.
- インセンティブデザインとその心理的影響の分析.
- 組織的・制度的設計の原則を検証する.
主要な成果:
- 経済的なインセンティブは,利己性をシグナリングすることで,逆効果になる可能性があります.
- インセンティブは,内在的な動機と自決を蝕む可能性があります.
- 動機付けは,不信感,不尊重,不公平を伝えることができます.
- 人々は,経済的利益と並行して,尊厳,自主性,道徳を重視しています.
結論:
- 慎重な政策と組織デザインは極めて重要です.
- 動機付けは,道徳的感情を弱体化させることなく,自己利益を活かすべきです.
- 物質的利益と道徳的価値観を統合することで,社会的な目標を達成できます.
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