関連する実験動画
Updated: May 13, 2026

10:33
Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
Published on: February 20, 2016
ハロゲン媒介による大規模なオゾン破壊が,熱帯大西洋の大西洋上空で起きている
Katie A Read1, Anoop S Mahajan, Lucy J Carpenter
1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Nature
|June 27, 2008
まとめ
トロポスフィアのオゾン損失はモデルで過小評価されています. 新しい研究は,ブロミンとヨウ素化合物が,熱帯海域の境界層におけるオゾン破壊を大幅に増加させ,気候予測に影響を及ぼすことを確認しています.
科学分野:
- 大気化学 大気化学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋化学 (海洋化学)
背景:
- トロポスフィアのオゾン層は,過去150年間で大幅に増加し,気候の混乱を引き起こしています.
- 熱帯海の境界層におけるオゾン損失は,主にオゾン光分解と水蒸気によって引き起こされます.
- 以前のモデルでは,ハロゲン化合物がオゾン層を減少させる可能性があると示唆していたが,これには観測的証拠が欠けていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱帯海域の境界層におけるオゾン損失におけるブロミンとヨウ素の役割を検証する.
- 観測されたオゾン層破壊率に対するハロゲン化学の影響を定量化するために.
- 大気モデルと気候予測に対するハロゲン化学の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- ブロミンとヨウ素一酸化物を検出するために,ケープ・ヴェルデ天文台でスペクトル測定を行いました.
- 一年中,地表の微量ガス測定を行っています.
- 低レベルの航空機の観測とボックスモデルの計算.
主要な成果:
- 熱帯海域の境界層で日中のブロミン一酸化物とヨウ素一酸化物の普遍的な存在が確認された.
- 観測された毎日のオゾン損失は,ハロゲン化学を除くモデルによってシミュレートされたものより約50%大きかった.
- ボックスモデルの計算では,観測されたハロゲン濃度が,追加のオゾン損失を説明すると示した.
結論:
- ハロゲン化学は,熱帯大西洋の境界層における光化学的オゾン損失に大きく影響する.
- 大気モデルのハロゲン源と化学成分を除外すると,オゾン予算と気候予測に重大な誤りが生じることがあります.
- 将来のオゾン層の傾向を正確に予測するには,大気モデルにハロゲン化学を組み込む必要があります.
関連する概念動画
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
The Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview
The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
Radical Formation: Homolysis
A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

