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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

45.9K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

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Overview
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.5K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.4K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
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Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

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E. coli の遺伝子間の新しい結びつきを鍛える

Trey Ideker1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. grey@bioeng.ucsd.edu

Cell
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

エシェリキア・コライの遺伝子ネットワークは驚くほど頑丈である. ほとんどの新しい相互作用は成長に影響を与えず,一部の相互作用はフィットネスを改善し,ネットワークの進化可能性に関する洞察を明らかにしました.

さらに関連する動画

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

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Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes
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Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

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関連する実験動画

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Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

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Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes
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Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

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科学分野:

  • 合成生物学 合成生物学とは
  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • システム生物学 システム生物学

背景:

  • 遺伝子調節ネットワーク (GRNs) は細胞機能を統制する.
  • GRNの強度と進化性を理解することは,合成生物学アプリケーションにとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • Escherichia coli.に新しい転写相互作用を導入した影響を調査する.
  • これらのエンジニアリングされた相互作用が細菌の成長と健康に及ぼす影響を評価する.

主な方法:

  • Escherichia coli.における新しい転写相互作用を体系的に追加した.
  • 成長アッセイは,遺伝子改変のフィットネスの影響を測定するためのものです.

主要な成果:

  • エンジニアリングされた転写相互作用のほとんどは,細菌の成長に悪影響を及ぼさなかった.
  • 導入された相互作用のサブセットは,予期せぬ形でバクテリアの適性を高めました.
  • 発見は,Escherichia coliの遺伝子ネットワーク内の固有の強度を示唆しています.

結論:

  • エシェリキア・コライ菌の遺伝子ネットワークは,新しい規制要素の導入に対して,著しい強度を示しています.
  • この研究は,遺伝子ネットワークの進化可能性の証拠を提供し,以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
  • これらの洞察は,より予測可能で適応性のある合成生物システムの設計に価値があります.