保護区の縁の急速な人口増加
George Wittemyer1, Paul Elsen, William T Bean
1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. georgew@nature.berkeley.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 5, 2008
まとめ
保護地域 (PAs) は,人間の入植を惹きつけ,PAs付近の人口増加は,農村地域のほぼ2倍である. この発見は,潜在的な保全課題と,地域社会にとっての利益を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 保護科学 保護科学 保護科学
- 人間生態学 人間生態学
- 開発研究 開発研究
背景:
- 保護地域 (PA) は,多くの場合,疎外された農村コミュニティに,費用とわずかな利益で不釣り合いな負担を負わせていると批判されています.
- この批判は,PASが人間の集団を惹きつけるのではなく,追い払う可能性があることを示唆している.
- PAsの周辺の人間の定住パターンを理解することは,効果的な保全に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 保護区の境界にある人間の人口増加率を調査する.
- PAsが人間の入植を惹きつけるか,拒絶するかを判断する.
- P.A.周辺の保全資金と人口動態の関係を探求する.
主な方法:
- アフリカとラテンアメリカの45カ国の306の保護区の国境における人口増加率の分析.
- 人口増加と国際ドナーからの投資や公園関連資金などの要因との統計的相関.
- 異なるエコリージョン,国,大陸における比較分析.
主要な成果:
- PAsの近くの平均的人口増加率は,平均農村成長率のほぼ2倍でした.
- 多様な生態系,国,大陸で,より高い人口増加が観察されました.
- 保護区周辺の人口増加は,保全投資と公園の資金調達と正の相関関係にある.
結論:
- 保護区は,人間の入植を阻むのではなく,むしろ引き寄せているように見える.
- この調査結果は,一部の批判に反して,PAが地域住民に利益をもたらす可能性があることを示唆している.
- PAsの近くの人間の定住が増えることは,保全の有効性と生物多様性に対する重大な脅威です.
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