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関連する概念動画

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Negative and Positive Feedback01:18

Negative and Positive Feedback

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

相互に関連した正・負のフィードバックループから生じる強固で調節可能な生物学的振動.

Tony Yu-Chen Tsai1, Yoon Sup Choi, Wenzhe Ma

  • 1Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 5, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

プラスとネガティブなフィードバックループの両方を備えた生物オシレータは,調節可能な周波数と安定した振幅を提供します. このデザインは,シンプルなネガティブなフィードバックシステムよりも,より堅牢で,進化しやすい.

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Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
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Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

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An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions
07:59

An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions

Published on: March 22, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions
07:59

An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions

Published on: March 22, 2018

科学分野:

  • システム生物学 システム生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • コンピュータ生物学 コンピュータ生物学

背景:

  • 遺伝子とタンパク質の相互作用は,持続的な生物学的振動を生み出します.
  • 多くの生物オシレータには,負のフィードバックループと正のフィードバックループの両方が組み込まれていますが,その利点が不明です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 生物学的な振動器におけるポジティブ・プラス・ネガティブなフィードバック・ループの機能上の利点を,ネガティブなフィードバックのみと比較して調査する.
  • これらのフィードバック構造が振動周波数と振幅にどのように影響するかを理解する.
  • 異なる振動器設計の頑丈性と進化的側面を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 遺伝子またはタンパク質の相互作用ネットワークのコンピューティングモデリングとシミュレーション.
  • 異なるパラメータ条件下での振動周波数と振幅の分析.
  • ネガティブなフィードバックとポジティブ・プラス・ネガティブ・フィードバックの振動器モデルの調整性,強度,進化の可能性の比較.

主要な成果:

  • ネガティブフィードバックオシレータは,振幅に影響を及ぼさずに周波数を調整する能力が限られています.
  • ポジティブ・プラス・ネガティブ・フィードバック・オシレータは,ほぼ恒常な振幅の周波数の幅広い調整を可能にします.
  • これらの二重フィードバックシステムは,より高い強度と進化の容易さを実証しています.

結論:

  • ポジティブ・プラス・ネガティブ・フィードバック・ループは,細胞サイクルや心拍など,周波数が調整できる必要のある生物学的リズムに重大な利点をもたらします.
  • これらのシステムの強化された漁獲能力と堅固さは,生物システムにおけるその普及を説明する.
  • このデザインは,生物学的振動を生成するためのより適応し,進化可能なメカニズムを提供します.