海洋地表の堆積物における現存するバイオマスへのアーキアの重要な貢献
Julius S Lipp1, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki
1Organic Geochemistry Group, Department of Geosciences and MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
Nature
|July 22, 2008
まとめ
古代生物 (Archaea) は深海の地下生物圏を支配し,生きた微生物生物質の少なくとも87%を占めています. この発見は,これらの広大で未知の海洋生息地における地球規模の炭素貯蔵に関する私たちの理解を再構築します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
背景:
- 深海の地下には,微生物細胞の広大な生態系があり,蓄積された細胞炭素の推定量は幅広く範囲内です.
- 以前の研究では,培養独立技術を用いて,この環境におけるアーカイアとバクテリアの相対的な豊富さを明らかにできませんでした.
研究 の 目的:
- 深海の地下堆積物における支配的な微生物領域 (アルカイアまたはバクテリア) を決定する.
- 海洋地表生物圏における地球規模のセルラー炭素貯蔵量のより正確な見積もりを提供するため.
主な方法:
- 地下堆積物 (>1m深さ) の生体細胞のバイオマーカーとして,無傷の極膜脂質の分析.
- 修正された定量ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応とスロット・ブロット・ハイブリダイゼーションの適用.
- 脂質濃度と総有機炭素の相関.
主要な成果:
- 地下堆積物中の無傷の極膜脂質の少なくとも87%は,アルカイア膜に起因し,アルカイアが主要なバイオマス成分であることを示す.
- 脂質の濃度は,総有機炭素に比例していることが判明しました.
- 世界的な海底地表生物圏におけるセルラー炭素の90Pgの改訂された見積もりが得られた.
結論:
- 古代生物は,深海の地下層のバイオマスの大部分を占めています.
- 以前の方法では,考古学的バイオマスが過小評価されていたかもしれない.
- 海底は,世界のバイオマス予算の重要な構成要素です.
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