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関連する概念動画

The Kinetic Model of Gases01:24

The Kinetic Model of Gases

The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

熱拡散のための新しいモデル:運動的アプローチ

Pierre-Arnaud Artola1, Bernard Rousseau, Guillaume Galliéro

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

新しい運動モデルは,熱拡散と混合物におけるソレート係数を正確に予測します. 自己拡散活性化自由エネルギーに基づくこのモデルは,レナード・ジョーンズと水-エタノールシステムの分子動力学シミュレーションと非常に一致しています.

科学分野:

  • 熱力学は熱力学である.
  • 化学工学は化学工学というものです.
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • 熱拡散とソレト効果は,多成分システムにおける重要な現象である.
  • 既存のモデルは,特に複雑な混合物では,これらの効果を正確に予測するのにしばしば苦労します.
  • これらの輸送特性を理解することは,分離プロセスや材料設計を含む様々なアプリケーションに不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 熱拡散のための新しい運動モデルを開発し,検証する.
  • モデルに質量と化学的貢献を明示的に組み込むこと.
  • ソーレート係数と自己拡散活性化自由エネルギーを正確に予測するために.

主な方法:

  • プリゴジンのアプローチに基づく運動モデルの導出.
  • 自己拡散活性化自由エネルギーの含有.
  • 均衡と不均衡の分子動力学シミュレーション.
  • 自己拡散活性化の自由エンタルピーとソレート係数の計算.

主要な成果:

  • 新しいモデルは,レナード・ジョーンズ混合物のシミュレーションデータと非常に良好な一致を示しています.
  • 水・エタノール混合物におけるソレート係数の記号変化の組成依存性の正確な予測.

さらに関連する動画

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

  • 水-エタノールシステムで全体的に良好な動作が観察されました.

    • 結論:

    • 提案された運動モデルは,熱拡散とソレート係数を予測するための堅固な枠組みを提供します.
    • モデルの精度は,シミュレーションデータに対する優れた性能によって検証されます.
    • 水-エタノールシステムについては,より高い温度でのさらなる実験的検証が提案されています.