費用のかかる間違い:翻訳の不誠実さとタンパク質の恒常性
Evan T Powers1, William E Balch
1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. epowers@scripps.edu
Cell
|July 30, 2008
まとめ
健康や病気に関連したタンパク質の誤折れは,翻訳エラーの影響を受けます. 高いタンパク質発現レベルは,正確なRNA翻訳のための選択圧力を強化し,誤翻訳とそれに続く誤折り合いを最小限に抑えます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- タンパク質の誤折り合いは,生物の健康と病気の重要な要因です.
- Mistranslation,RNA翻訳中のエラーは,タンパク質の誤折りにつながる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- タンパク質の折りたたみに対する誤翻訳の影響を調査する.
- 翻訳の忠実さに関連する選択圧力を理解するために.
主な方法:
- タンパク質発現データの分析.
- 翻訳エラーとタンパク質構造の関係に関する研究.
主要な成果:
- 誤翻訳はタンパク質の誤折れに大きく寄与する.
- 高度に発現するタンパク質は,正確な翻訳のためにより強い選択に直面します.
- 翻訳の忠誠度を最適化することは,誤折りを最小限に抑えるために極めて重要です.
結論:
- 翻訳の精度は,タンパク質ホメオスタシスの決定的な決定因子です.
- 選択圧力は,特に豊富なタンパク質の誤翻訳を減らすために作用します.
- 誤翻訳を理解することは,タンパク質の誤折り症の治療の鍵です.
関連する概念動画
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01:31Translation
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
02:07Improving Translational Accuracy
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
02:11Proteins: From Genes to Degradation
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick. Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
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