ネアンデルタール人のミトコンドリアの完全なゲノム配列が,高通量配列決定により決定されました.
Richard E Green1, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Johannes Krause
1Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. green@eva.mpg.de
Cell
|August 12, 2008
まとめ
ネアンデルタール人のミトコンドリアDNA (mtDNA) 配列は,現代人とは異なり,約66万年の分岐時間を示唆しています. 分析により,ネアンデルタール人のmtDNAにおける浄化選択の減少が明らかになり,人口規模が小さいことが示されています.
科学分野:
- パレオゲネティクス パレオゲネティクス
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 古代DNA分析 古代DNA分析について
背景:
- ミトコンドリアDNA (mtDNA) は,進化史と集団遺伝学についての洞察を提供します.
- ネアンデルタール人は,現代の人間と密接に関係している絶滅したホミニン種です.
研究 の 目的:
- 38,000年前のネアンデルタール人の完全なミトコンドリアゲノムの配列を解析し,分析する.
- ネアンデルタール人と現代人の mtDNA 系統の間の進化的関係と分岐時間を決定する.
- ネアンデルタール人の選択パターンと集団の大きさを調査する.
主な方法:
- 古代の骨DNAからミトコンドリアゲノムの再構築.
- 約4.8GbのDNAのハイスループットシーケンシング.
- 特定された8341のmtDNA配列のバイオ情報分析.
主要な成果:
- ネアンデルタール人の mtDNA 配列は,現存するヒトの mtDNA で見られる変異の外にあることは明白です.
- ネアンデルタール人とヒトのmtDNA系統との差異の推定期間は66万年 +/- 14万年です.
- サイトクロームc酸化酵素のサブユニット2は,分岐以来,最も多くのアミノ酸置換を示した.
- 証拠によると,浄化選択の減少とネアンデルタール人の小さな効果的な集団の大きさを示唆しています.
結論:
- ネアンデルタール人のmtDNAは,現代の人間とは異なる系統を表しています.
- ネアンデルタール人の進化史には,他の霊長類と比較して異なる選択的圧力とより小さな集団サイズが含まれている可能性があります.
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