関連する実験動画
外周麻酔と中高リスクの非心臓手術後の生存:集団ベースのコホート研究
Duminda N Wijeysundera1, W Scott Beattie, Peter C Austin
1Department of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 12, 2008
まとめ
外周麻酔と鎮痛剤は,手術を受けた患者の30日生存率にわずかな改善を示しました. しかし,その効果は限界的に有意であり,手術後の生存率の改善に関する説得力のある証拠ではありませんでした.
科学分野:
- アネステシオロジー アネステシオロジー
- 外科手術の結果について
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 外周麻酔と鎮痛薬は利点がありますが,手術後の生存に与える影響は不明です.
- 術後の外周麻酔と30日生存率の関連性を調べるために,集団ベースのコホート研究が行われました.
研究 の 目的:
- 術後のエピデュラル麻酔または鎮痛が,選択手術を受けた患者の30日生存率の改善と関連しているかどうかを判断する.
- 大規模なコホートにおける外周麻酔と30日間の死亡率の関連性を評価する.
主な方法:
- カナダのオンタリオ州で,中高リスクの非心臓外科手術を受けた40歳以上の259,037人の患者さんを対象とした,遡及的なコホート研究 (1994-2004).
- 傾向スコア方法を使用して,マッチしたペアのコホートを作成し,グループ間の基線差を減らすことができました.
- 外周麻酔と30日間の死亡率の関連性は,マッチングしたコホート内で評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 患者の22%が epidural 麻酔を受けた.
- マッチングしたコホート (n=88,188) では, epidural 麻酔は30日間の死亡率のわずかな減少と関連していた (1.7%対2.0%).
- 死亡に対する相対リスクは0.89 (95%CI 0.81-0.98,p=0.02) であった.
結論:
- 外周麻酔と鎮痛は30日間の生存率のわずかな改善と関連していたが,この発見は境界線統計的有意性のために慎重に解釈する必要があります.
- 生存利潤の絶対的な大きさは小さい (NNT=477),手術後の生存率の改善のための説得力のある証拠を提供していないことを示唆しています.
- 結果は,疼痛管理や肺合併症の予防など,生存率の改善を超えた症状において,外科外周麻酔の安全性を支持しています.
関連する概念動画
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management
Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
General Anesthesia: Overview
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
One of the advantages of...