Apobec3は,レトロウイルス感染症の中和抗体制御に影響を与えるRfv3をコードする遺伝子である
Mario L Santiago1, Mauricio Montano, Robert Benitez
1Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
まとめ
フレンドウイルス耐性 (Rfv3) の遺伝子はApobec3で,レトロウイルス感染症の中和に不可欠です. その不活性化により感受性が生じ,その適切な機能は,HIVのようなレトロウイルスに対する宿主保護を提供する.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- フレンドウイルス3 (Rfv3) に対する耐性の遺伝的基礎は30年間,研究されてきました.
- Rfv3は,レトロウイルスに対する抗体応答とウイルス病に影響を与えます.
研究 の 目的:
- Rfv3遺伝子の分子同一性を特定するために.
- Rfv3.3によってもたらされるレトロウイルス耐性のメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- ポジショナルのクローニングと遺伝子マッピングにより,Rfv3の位置を特定します.
- マウスにおける候補遺伝子の遺伝的不活性化.
- 耐性菌株と感受性菌株におけるApobec3遺伝子発現とスプライシングの分析.
- レトロウイルス中和抗体反応とウイルス血症の評価.
主要な成果:
- Rfv3は,同じ染色体領域に位置するApobec3遺伝子として識別されました.
- Apobec3の遺伝的不活性化により,Rfv3耐性マウスはFriendウイルスに敏感になりました.
- Apobec3の異常なmRNAスプライシングは,Rfv3感受性のマウス株で観察されました.
- Apobec3は,HIVを含むレトロウイルスに対する広範な抑制活性を示した.
結論:
- Apobec3は,Rfv3耐性特性の分子決定因子である.
- アポベック3に依存するメカニズムは,レトロウイルス感染症に対する宿主保護に貢献します.
- 発見は,HIVなどのヒトレトロウイルス感染症におけるApobec3の潜在的な役割を示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
Retroviruses
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly
As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...


