非言語的な数字の鋭さにおける個々の差異は,数学の成績と相関しています
Justin Halberda1, Michèle M M Mazzocco, Lisa Feigenson
1Johns Hopkins University, Ames Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. halberda@jhu.edu
Nature
|September 9, 2008
まとめ
子どもの非言語的な数感覚の個々の差異は,数学の成績と相関しています. これは,先天的な数学的能力と数学における学術的な成功の間の関連性を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- 人間の数学的能力は,象徴的および近似的な数体系に依存しています.
- 概算数体系 (ANS) は,進化的に古く,種と進化において共有されている.
- ANSの鋭敏度における個々の違いと,正式な数学能力との関連性は,ほとんど知られていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 子どもの非言語的な数感覚 (ANS鋭敏度) の個別の違いを調査する.
- ANSの精度と数学的な成績の関係を見極めるために.
- 異なる発達段階を越えてこの関係の持続性を探求する.
主な方法:
- 14歳児における非言語的近似能力の評価.
- ANSの敏度は,幼稚園からの過去の標準化数学実績テストスコアと相関しています.
- 他の認知およびパフォーマンスの要因を制御する.
主要な成果:
- 非言語的な近似能力における個別の大きな違いが観察されました.
- ANSの鋭敏性は,幼稚園からでも,数学の成績と強く相関していました.
- この相関は,他の認知的要因をコントロールした後も依然として有意であった.
結論:
- 学校での数学の成績の個々の差異は,先天的な近似数感覚の鋭さに関連しています.
- 数値感覚の初期の違いは,後の数学学習に影響を与える可能性があります.
- 数感覚,数学教育,および外部要因の相互作用に関するさらなる研究が必要である.
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