地域社会への参加:母,新生児,子供の健康に関する教訓
Mikey Rosato1, Glenn Laverack, Lisa Howard Grabman
1Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 16, 2008
まとめ
地域社会の参加は,特に発展途上国において,初等保健医療の成功に不可欠です. その統合は,母子保健の成果を改善し,世界保健目標を達成するために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
- コミュニティヘルス コミュニティヘルス
背景:
- プライマリヘルスケア (PHC) は1978年に世界保健政策として確立されました.
- アルマ・アタ宣言は,PHCの核心原則として地域社会の参加を強調した.
- 発展途上国における母子保健サービスは,コミュニティ内で提供されることが多く,コミュニティの関与が求められます.
研究 の 目的:
- プライマリヘルスケアにおけるコミュニティ参加の本質を検証する.
- 地域社会の参加が,よりよい健康成果の前提条件なのか,それとも補足要素なのかを判断する.
- 母子保健に関するミレニアム開発目標 (MDGs) の達成における地域社会参加の役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,コミュニティの参加に関するアルマ・アタ宣言の原則をレビューしています.
- 開発途上国における産前,出産,産後ケアにおける地域社会の関与の重要性を分析しています.
- この研究は,地域社会の参加が移行戦略なのか,それとも保健システムの強化のための継続的な必要性なのかを調査している.
主要な成果:
- 地域社会の参加は,医療の計画と実施における基本的権利と義務として強調されています.
- PHC戦略の有効性は,コミュニティの自立と関与の程度と関連しています.
- 地域社会への参加を統合できない場合,母子死亡率 (MDGs 4と5) の削減に向けた進展が妨げられる可能性があります.
結論:
- 地域社会の参加は,単なる伴侶としてではなく,効果的な初等保健医療の不可欠な要素として潜在的に提示されます.
- その役割は,特に疎外された集団にとって,極めて重要であり,その欠如は,世界保健目標の達成を妨げることができる.
- 持続的なコミュニティの関与が長期的な健康結果に与える影響を完全に解明するために,さらなる研究が必要になる可能性があります.
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