睡眠中の上部呼吸道閉塞の病理生理学

S T Kuna¹, G Sant'Ambrogio

¹Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550-2778.

JAMA

|September 11, 1991

まとめ

阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症は,喉の崩壊による睡眠中に繰り返し上部呼吸道閉塞を伴う. 治療は,圧力と筋肉の活動を管理することによって,呼吸道を開放性を維持することを目的としています.

科学分野:

スリープ・メディシン (睡眠医学)
呼吸器生理学呼吸器生理学について

背景:

上部呼吸道は,正常な呼吸の間,開いているままです.
阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症 (OSA) は,睡眠中に,主に喉で,上部呼吸道が再発して崩壊することが特徴です.

研究の目的:

OSAにおける上部呼吸道閉塞のメカニズムを説明するために.
病理生理学に基づくOSA治療の原則を概説する.

主な方法:

この研究では,喉の負の圧力と喉の筋肉からの膨張力とのバランスについて論じています.
閉塞圧は,筋肉の活動なしに呼吸道を閉じるのに必要な圧力であると定義しています.

主要な成果:

OSA患者では,被動呼吸道を開くために,正圧が必要である.
OSAの閉塞圧は,通常の亜大気層レベルよりも高い.

結論:

OSAにおける上部呼吸道閉塞の病理生理学を理解することは,効果的な治療に不可欠です.
治療戦略は,喉頭圧力を増加させ,閉塞圧力を低下させ,または上部呼吸道筋トーンを強化することに焦点を当てています.

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