動物におけるマイクロRNAとPiwi相互作用RNAの初期の起源と進化
Andrew Grimson1, Mansi Srivastava, Bryony Fahey
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|October 3, 2008
まとめ
マイクロRNA (miRNA) とピウィ相互作用RNA (piRNA) は,初期の動物の系統で発見された古代の小さなRNAで,バイラテリアより前のものです. これらの調節性分子は,動物の進化を通して遺伝子発現を形作っています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- マイクロRNA (miRNA) とピウィ相互作用RNA (piRNA) は,二重動物における極めて重要な小型のRNA調節体である.
- これらの分子は遺伝子発現を制御し,トランポゾンからゲノムを保護します.
研究 の 目的:
- ビラテリアより前に分岐した動物群の小さなRNAの存在と進化を調査する.
- miRNAとpiRNA経路の深い進化史を理解するために.
主な方法:
- カニダリアン・ネマトステラ・ベクトンセンス (スターレット・シー・アネモネ) の小さなRNAの識別.
- ポリフェランであるアンフィメドン・クイーンズランディカ (スポンジ) の小RNAの識別.
- 動物系における小型RNAレパートリーおよび関連するタンパク質の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- カニダリアンとポリファリアンには,小RNA生物学の重要なタンパク質とともに,広範囲にわたるmiRNAとpiRNAのレパートリーがあります.
- miRNAの進化は,ポリフェランス,クニダリアン,およびバイラテリアンにおける前駆体サイズと成熟した配列の有意なダイナミズムを示しています.
- 基本的な小さなRNA機構は,早期に分裂した動物に存在していた.
結論:
- miRNAsとpiRNAsは古代の起源を持ち,双子の動物の出現を先行しています.
- これらのリボレギュレータは,動物の進化を通して遺伝子発現の形成に一貫した役割を果たしてきました.
- この研究は,動物界における重要な遺伝子調節経路の進化の深い根源を明らかにしている.
関連する概念動画
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...


