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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 8, 2026

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

DNAの二重鎖の断裂は,リンパ球の発達における多機能遺伝プログラムを活性化させます.

Andrea L Bredemeyer1, Beth A Helmink, Cynthia L Innes

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Nature
|October 14, 2008
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

リンパ球における生理学的DNA二重鎖の断裂は,DNA修復を超えた広範な転写プログラムを活性化させます. この反応はリンパ球の発達に影響を及ぼし,遺伝子毒性損傷によって破壊される可能性があります.

さらに関連する動画

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
05:34

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes

Published on: July 14, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
05:34

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes

Published on: July 14, 2023

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • DNAの二重鎖断裂 (DSB) は,重要なDNA病変である.
  • DSBに対する細胞の反応は,通常,細胞サイクルチェックポイントと生存経路を含む.
  • DSBは,抗原受容体遺伝子組立のためにリンパ球の発達中に意図的に生成されます.

研究 の 目的:

  • リンパ球発達の過程で生理学的DSBに対する転写応答を調査する.
  • この応答が正規のDSB応答と異なるかどうかを判断する.
  • リンパ球の発達と遺伝子毒性損傷への影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ネズミのリンパ球における遺伝子発現の分析.
  • 生理学的および遺伝子毒性DSB誘導後の転写プロファイルの比較.

主要な成果:

  • リンパ球内の生理学的DSBは,広範な転写プログラムを引き起こす.
  • このプログラムは,正規のDNA損傷反応遺伝子の範囲を超えています.
  • 多くの誘発遺伝子は,リンパ球の発達に不可欠な多様な細胞プロセスに関与しています.
  • いくつかの遺伝子発現パターンは,生理学的および遺伝子毒性DSB応答の間で重複しています.

結論:

  • 生理学的DSBは,ゲノム維持を超えて,細胞タイプ特有のプロセスを調節するシグナル信号として作用します.
  • 遺伝子毒性DSBは,これらの発達経路に干渉することによって,正常な細胞機能を損なう可能性があります.
  • これらの異なった転写プログラムを理解することは,リンパ球生物学と毒理学にとって不可欠です.