医学研究に関する新聞報道の否定的な研究に対するバイアス
JAMA
|October 2, 1991
まとめ
新聞の報道は,研究結果の正面を否定的な結果より優先し,有意な結果のない研究を報告することに偏見を示しています. これは公衆衛生情報の普及に影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- 医療ジャーナリズム 医療ジャーナリズム
- 公共衛生に関するコミュニケーション
- 科学的報告 科学的報告
背景:
- 医学研究に関するメディアの報道は,公衆の認識と健康に関する意思決定に大きな影響を与えます.
- 以前の観察は,報告における潜在的なバイアスを示唆し,センセーショナルまたはポジティブな発見を好む.
研究 の 目的:
- ネガティブな研究結果に対する潜在的なメディアバイアスを調査する.
- 放射線と癌のリスクに関する陽性と陰性の研究に関する新聞報道を比較する.
主な方法:
- 特定のJAMA号の後に発行された北米の新聞のオンラインデータベースを7つ検索しました.
- 放射線と癌に関する2つの研究 (一つが陽性,一つが陰性) に関する報道のために168の新聞を分析しました.
- 各研究に関する新聞報道の長さと質を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 17の新聞が19のレポートを掲載し,9はポジティブな研究に焦点を当て,10は両方の研究をカバーした.
- ネガティブな研究のみに焦点を当てた報告はありません.
- ポジティブな研究に関する報告は,ネガティブな研究に関する報告よりもかなり長く,より高い品質でした.
結論:
- 新聞の報道は,研究結果がポジティブであることを支持するバイアスを示しています.
- ゼロまたはネガティブな結果を持つ研究を過小評価する傾向があります.
- このバイアスは,特に公衆衛生において,科学的証拠に対する公衆の理解を歪める可能性があります.
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