神経芽細胞腫におけるALKキナーゼの腫瘍性変異
Yuyan Chen1, Junko Takita, Young Lim Choi
1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Nature
|October 17, 2008
まとめ
アナプラスティックリンパ腫キナーゼ (ALK) 変異は,進行性ニューロブラストーマでは一般的です. 変異したALKをターゲットにすることで,この治療不可能な小児がんに対する新しい治療戦略を提供することができます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 先進段階のニューロブラストーマは,限られた治療目標を持つ困難な小児がんです.
- 既知の遺伝的変異には,MYCN増幅と染色体損失/増加が含まれています.
- 効果的な治療法の開発は,信頼性の高い分子標的の不足によって妨げられています.
研究 の 目的:
- 進行神経芽細胞腫における潜在的な治療標的としてのアナプラスティックリンパ腫キナーゼ (ALK) の役割を調査する.
- ニューロブラストーマのサンプルにおけるALK遺伝子内のコピー番号の変化や変異を含む遺伝的変異を特定する.
主な方法:
- 高密度単核酸ポリモルフィズムゲノタイプ化マイクロアレイを用いた全ゲノムスキャンで,215個の原発性ニューロブラストーマのサンプルを採取した.
- 主要腫瘍およびニューロブラストーマ由来細胞系におけるALK遺伝子のDNA配列解析.
- キナーゼ活性アッセイ,NIH3T3線維芽細胞変異,RNA干渉媒介によるALKダウンレギュレーションを含む機能研究.
主要な成果:
- ALKの位置は,高度な神経芽細胞腫におけるコピー数増加と増幅の再発的な標的として特定されました.
- ALKキナーゼドメインの8つの新しいミスセンスの変異は,原発性腫瘍の6.1% (第3〜4段階) と細胞系の33%で発見されました.
- 変異したALKキナーゼは,自己リン酸化とキナーゼ活性が増加し,NIH3T3細胞を変容させ,マウスの腫瘍を形成した.
- ALKのダウンレギュレーションは,ALKが変異したニューロブラストーマ細胞の増殖を抑制しました.
結論:
- アナプラスティックリンパ腫キナーゼ (ALK) は,高度な神経芽細胞腫で頻繁に変化し,疾患の病原性に関与することを示唆しています.
- ALKの変異は,がん原性活性を与え,潜在的な治療標的を代表する.
- ALKに特異的なキナーゼ阻害剤は,ALKの変異を有するニューロブラストーマ患者における臨床結果の改善に有望である.
関連する概念動画
The Retinoblastoma Gene
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

