移動する視覚的刺激の経験は,皮質の方向選択性の早期発達を促します
Ye Li1, Stephen D Van Hooser, Mark Mazurek
1Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Nature
|October 24, 2008
まとめ
初期の視覚体験は,発達中の脳を形作る. フェレットにおける運動訓練は,視覚野の方向選択神経回路を迅速に確立し,経験主導の発達を示した.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達神経科学とは
- 視覚システム開発 視覚システム開発
背景:
- 視覚皮質の回路は産後期に成熟し,初期接続と応答選択性が欠けています.
- 方向選択反応は早期の視覚障害に敏感ですが,発達メカニズムは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 刺激主導の神経活動が,皮質の方向選択性の出現をどのように導くかを調査する.
- 視覚的に素朴なフェレットにおける方向選択反応の発達に対する運動経験の影響をモニターする.
主な方法:
- 視覚的に素朴なフェレットに運動訓練プロトコルを使用した.
- 内在信号画像と2フォトンのカルシウム画像技術を使用しました.
- 評価された神経活動と,方向偏好の空間的組織.
主要な成果:
- 運動訓練は,特定の皮質領域における方向柱の急速な出現を誘導した.
- 単一のニューロンは,トレーニング後,方向選択反応の強化と局所的な一貫性の増加を示した.
- 動く刺激によるトレーニングは,閃いた刺激とは異なり,方向選択性が向上します.
結論:
- 移動する視覚刺激に対する初期の経験は,視覚皮質の方向選択反応の急速な出現に不可欠です.
- 発達中の神経活動パターンは,特定の視覚体験によって形成されます.
- 経験は,機能的な視覚処理能力を確立するために神経回路を精製します.
関連する概念動画
01:24Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:26Visual System
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...