関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
10:14
An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
Published on: November 1, 2018
昆虫の腎細胞は,フィルタリングスリットの膜を持つポドサイトのような細胞です
Helen Weavers1, Silvia Prieto-Sánchez, Ferdinand Grawe
1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Nature
|October 31, 2008
まとめ
昆虫の腎細胞は,脊椎動物の腎臓ポドサイトと重要な特性を共有しており,進化のつながりを示唆しています. この発見は,腎臓疾患とポドサイト生物学を研究するための新しいモデルを提供します.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 比較解剖学の比較解剖学について
背景:
- 腎臓は脊椎動物の腎臓機能の基本単位である.
- ネフロンは脊椎動物の適応と考えられているが,類似した構造は無脊椎動物にも存在する.
- これは,脊椎動物の排泄システムの進化的起源について疑問を投げかけます.
研究 の 目的:
- 無脊椎動物の腎細胞と脊椎動物の腎臓ポドサイトとの進化的関係を調査する.
- これらの細胞タイプ間の分子および機能的な類似性を探求する.
主な方法:
- 昆虫の腎細胞と脊椎動物のポドサイトの比較分析.
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの腎細胞におけるタンパク質発現の分子分析.
- 腎細胞膜形成における重要なタンパク質の機能を評価するための遺伝子操作.
主要な成果:
- 昆虫の腎細胞は,脊椎動物のPodocytesと,驚くべき解剖学,分子,および機能的な類似性を示しています.
- 両方の細胞タイプには,特殊な濾過膜 (ポドサイトでは割れ膜,腎細胞では腎細胞膜) が備わっています.
- ドロソフィラの重要な割れ膜タンパク質 (ネフリン,NEPH1,CD2AP,ZO-1,ポドシン) のオーソロジは,腎細胞で発現し,同様のタンパク質複合体を形成する. ネフリンまたはNEPH1のオーソログの喪失は,腎細胞膜を混乱させ,濾過を損なう.
結論:
- 昆虫の腎細胞と脊椎動物のポドサイトは進化的に関連しています.
- 腎細胞は,胎盤細胞の生物学と,先天性腎臓病症候群などの関連疾患の研究に貴重なモデルとして役立つ.
関連する概念動画
01:20Renal Corpuscle
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
01:15Glomerular Filtration
The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
01:10Nephrons
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
01:32Filtration and Urine Formation
The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
01:24Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
01:45Kidney Structure
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.