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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

N2O4における時間解像度ダイナミクスは,高ハーモニック生成を用いて探査された.

Wen Li1, Xibin Zhou, Robynne Lock

  • 1JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA. wli@jila.colorado.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

高和音生成は,分子における結合された電子と核のダイナミクスを明らかにする. 二酸化窒素四酸化物の振動は,電子の状態の切り替えを引き起こし,明確な光放出パターンを導きます.

さらに関連する動画

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

科学分野:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 量子ダイナミクスは量子力学です.
  • 分子スペクトロスコピーは,分子スペクトロスコピーを用います.

背景:

  • ハイハーモニック生成 (HHG) は,原子や小分子における超高速の電子ダイナミクスを探知する.
  • 複雑な多原子分子におけるHHGを理解するには,結合された電子運動と核運動を考慮する必要があります.
  • 以前の研究は,より単純なシステムに焦点を当て,激しいフィールドの下の多原子分子ダイナミクスをあまり探求しなかった.

研究 の 目的:

  • 高調和生成を用いた多原子分子における結合電子と核ダイナミクスを調査する.
  • 電子再衝突ダイナミクスとHHGスペクトルの調節における分子振動の役割を明らかにする.
  • 複数の分子軌道が強いフィールドイオン化と多原子分子HHGに関与することを調査する.

主な方法:

  • 二酸化窒素四酸化物 (N2O4) 分子の大きな振幅の振動の刺激.
  • 電子再衝突のダイナミクスを探知するための高ハーモニック生成測定.
  • 観測されたスペクトル変調と電子状態の集団を解釈するための理論的計算.

主要な成果:

  • HHGが,多原子分子における結合電子と核のダイナミクスを明らかにすることが示された.
  • N2O4で振動状態の切り替えメカニズムが観察されました:トンネルイオン化は,外部のターニングポイントで基底イオン状態,内部のターニングポイントで最初の興奮状態にアクセスします.
  • 外側のターニングポイントで主に放出されるHHGの爆発が特定され,刺激されたイオン状態からの抑制された放出に起因する.

結論:

  • ハイハーモニック生成は,多原子分子における超高速結合電子と核ダイナミクスを研究するための強力なツールです.
  • 分子振動は,電子再衝突経路とHHG放出特性に大きな影響を及ぼします.
  • 構成動的分子における強い場イオン化とHHGには,複数の分子軌道が関与する.