人間の自然キラー細胞のサブセットは,粘膜免疫のためのIL-22の生まれつきの源を提供します
Marina Cella1, Anja Fuchs, William Vermi
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Nature
|November 4, 2008
まとめ
新たに特定されたNK細胞のサブセットであるNK-22細胞は,粘膜組織に存在し,特定のサイトカインを分泌する. これらのNK-22細胞は,粘膜部を保護し,炎症を抑制するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 生まれながらの免疫力
背景:
- ナチュラルキラー (NK) 細胞は,先天的な免疫に不可欠なリンパ球であり,伝統的に感染した細胞や癌細胞を標的にすることが知られている.
- 人間のNK細胞は,機能的な異質性を発揮し,CD56 (暗) 細胞は細胞毒性を専門にし,CD56 (明るい) 細胞はリンパ節でインターフェロン-ガンマ (IFN-ガンマ) を分泌する.
- NK細胞のサブセットに関する既存の知識は,主に血液およびリンパ性組織に焦点を当てており,粘膜免疫における役割は定義されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 粘膜関連リンパ性組織に存在するヒトNK細胞の新種のサブセットを特徴づける.
- この新しいNK細胞サブセットのサイトカイン分泌プロファイルと機能特性を調査するために.
- 粘膜免疫と炎症におけるこれらのNK細胞の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 人間の粘膜に関連したリンパ性組織 (桃体,ペイヤー斑) からNK細胞サブセットの分離と特徴付け.
- 特定されたNK細胞サブセットのサイトカインプロファイリング (インターリューキン-22 (IL-22),IL-26,白血病抑制因子)
- IL-23を用いたインビトロ刺激アッセイと,NK細胞が分泌するサイトカインが上皮細胞に与える影響の評価.
- マウスモデルでの比較分析と細菌感染時の検査.
主要な成果:
- 粘膜関連リンパ性組織における,ヒトNK細胞の独特のサブセット,指定NK-22細胞の識別.
- NK-22細胞は,IL-22,IL-26,および白血病抑制因子をIL-23刺激時に分泌するように独自にプログラムされています.
- NK-22細胞から分泌されるサイトカインは,上皮細胞の増殖,IL-10の産生,抗アポプトシス分子の発現を促進する.
- NK-22細胞はマウスの粘膜組織にも存在し,細菌感染時に小腸に増加します.
結論:
- NK-22細胞は,粘膜の表面にある特殊な先天性免疫細胞集団を表しています.
- これらの細胞はIL-22の重要な供給源であり,上皮膜のバリア機能と宿主防御に寄与する.
- NK-22細胞は,炎症を調節し,感染から粘膜部を保護する役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
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