WHOの予算配分と疾病負担:比較分析
David Stuckler1, Lawrence King, Helen Robinson
1Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 6, 2008
まとめ
世界保健研究費は,疾患の負担が異なるにもかかわらず,伝染性疾患と非伝染性疾患と傷害よりも感染性疾患を大きく支持しています. ドナーから割り当てられた資金は,加盟国の配分よりも大きな歪みを示しており,保健の優先順位の不一致を強調しています.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス・リサーチ・ファイナンシング
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
背景:
- グローバル・ヘルス・リサーチの優先順位は,保健大臣,ドナー機関,国際機関を含む様々なステークホルダーによって設定されています.
- これらの関係者は歴史的に,定期的および予算外資金を通じて,世界保健機関 (WHO) の予算配分に影響を及ぼしてきました.
- マリのバマコで開催される予定の会合では,世界の保健研究優先事項について検討する.
研究 の 目的:
- 病気の世界的な負担に関連して,WHOの過去の予算配分を分析する.
- 歴史的なWHOの資金提供決定に基づいて,健康研究の優先事項に関する潜在的洞察を特定する.
- 異なるWHO地域と資金源の間の資金配分を比較する.
主な方法:
- WHOの2年間の予算配分と疾病負担データ (1994-95年から2008-2009年) の比較.
- 公に公開されているWHOのデータを分析し,死亡および障害調整寿命年 (DALYs) に焦点を当てました.
- 西太平洋地域とアフリカ地域における資金調達の比較評価,その流行病学的移行段階と資金源の対比 (評価 vs. ボランティア献金).
主要な成果:
- WHOの予算配分は,感染症に対する大きな偏りを示し,2006-07年の総予算の87%を占めた.
- 非伝染性疾患は12%,負傷と暴力は総予算の1%未満でした.
- 感染症への資金提供の偏りは,加盟国によって決定された定期予算と比較して,ドナーによって割り当てられた予算外資金でより顕著でした.
結論:
- 現在の世界的な健康研究の優先順位と,世界中の病気の実際の負担の間に顕著な不一致が存在します.
- 外部ドナーから割り当てられた資金と,WHO加盟国から割り当てられた資金の間で大きな格差が見られた.
- バマコの会議は,この資金の格差に対処し,世界的な健康研究優先順位を調整するための重要な機会です.
関連する概念動画
01:08Prevalence and Incidence
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
01:30Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System
Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...