Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Insecticide Resistance Alters Oviposition Preference in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

On sperm length mean-variance relationships.

Journal of evolutionary biology·2025
Same author

Exposure to foreign gut microbiota can facilitate rapid dietary shifts.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

Identifying potential candidate Culicoides spp. for the study of interactions with Candidatus Cardinium hertigii.

Medical and veterinary entomology·2021
Same author

The effects of wet wipe pollution on the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the River Thames, London.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2020
Same author

Gene drive: progress and prospects.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2019

関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster
07:02

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 15, 2017

利己的な遺伝要素は,ハエのポリアンドリーを促進します.

T A R Price1, D J Hodgson, Z Lewis

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 22, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

雌の昆虫は,有害な遺伝子を運ぶ雄と対峙すると,子孫の生存率を改善するためにリメイクします. この研究は,低品質のオスと交尾するリスクが,ポリアンドリー,または複数の交尾行動の進化を促すことを示しています.

科学分野:

  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • 行動生態学 行動生態学
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • 費用にも関わらず,女性のリマート (ポリアンドリー) は一般的であり,子孫の健康状態の向上などの利点を示唆しています.
  • 高いフィットネスを持つ男性の精子に対する受精バイアスは,ポリアンドリーの利点のための提案されたメカニズムです.
  • 利己的な遺伝要素などの特定の遺伝的要因が,ポリアンドリーを誘発する役割は,十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 女性のリメイティング率の増加につながる進化的圧力を調査する.
  • 有害な遺伝子を携えた雄との交配のリスクが多妻制を促進するという仮説を検証する.
  • 利己的な遺伝要素,精子の競争力,および複数の交配の進化の間のリンクを探求する.

主な方法:

  • ドロソフィラ (Drosophila pseudoobscura) を使った実験的な進化.
  • 性比を歪める特定の遺伝子を有する男性と女性の接触.
  • 有害な遺伝子の存在に対する反応として,雌のリメイティング率と子孫の健康状態の評価.

主要な成果:

  • 雌のドロソフィラ (Drosophila pseudoobscura) は,有害な性比歪曲遺伝子を持つ雄に接触すると,著しく高いリメイティング率を進化させた.

さらに関連する動画

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila
09:34

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila

Published on: August 22, 2013

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster
07:02

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 15, 2017

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila
09:34

Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila

Published on: August 22, 2013

  • この遺伝子はまた,精子の競争力を低下させ,遺伝子の質と受精の成功の間の関連性を示した.
  • 観察された再交配の増加は,感染した雄との交配のリスクに対する直接的な反応を示唆しています.

    • 結論:

    • 精子の競争力を低下させる利己的な遺伝的要素を持つ男性と交尾するリスクは,ポリアンドリーの進化を促す可能性があります.
    • 男性の遺伝的適性低下としばしば関連している利己的な遺伝的要素は,雌の複数の交配を促進する一般的な要因である可能性があります.
    • これは,動物界で広範囲に広がるポリアンドリー現象に対する新しい説明を提供します.