都市空気の汚染を抑制する:利益とコストの評価
1Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036.
まとめ
大気質改善の利益とコストの見積もりをすると,特にオゾン層の減少のために,提案された制御は,彼らが提供する利益よりも費用がかかる可能性があることが明らかになる. この分析は,ロサンゼルス地域を含む,揮発性有機化合物と粒子状物質に焦点を当てています.
科学分野:
- 環境経済学 環境経済学
- 大気汚染のコントロール
- 公衆衛生への影響評価
背景:
- 社会的な資源の配分には,空気質の改善のためのコスト・ベネフィット分析が必要です.
- 地下層オゾンと粒子状物質は,懸念される主要な汚染物質です.
- ロサンゼルス大都市圏は,空気の質基準の違反が頻繁に発生しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 提案された空気質管理戦略の経済的利益とコストを推定する.
- オゾン層の減少のために,主に揮発性有機化合物 (VOC) を対象とした制御を評価する.
- 国家および地域 (ロサンゼルス) レベルでの空気質改善の経済的実現可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 汚染管理の利益とコストを定量化するための経済モデリング.
- 揮発性有機化合物 (VOC) の管理を通じて,地表オゾン減少に重点を置く.
- 微粒子の制御戦略の検討.
- 評価は,米国全体とロサンゼルス大都市圏の両方に適用されます.
主要な成果:
- 提案された空気質管理措置に関連するコストは,その利益を上回ると推定されています.
- このコスト/利益の不均衡は,潜在的に重要なものです.
- 推定では不確実性が存在し,最終的な経済評価に影響を与えます.
結論:
- 現在提案されている空気品質管理方法,特にVOCによるオゾン汚染の削減は,経済的に効率的ではないかもしれない.
- この結果は,空気の質管理のための資源配分の再評価の必要性を示唆しています.
- 空気汚染対策のコスト・ベネフィット分析における不確実性に対処するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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