年齢に関連する黄斑変性
Hanna R Coleman1, Chi-Chao Chan, Frederick L Ferris
1Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 26, 2008
まとめ
年齢関連の黄斑変性 (AMD) は,視力喪失の主要な原因です. 抗酸化ビタミン,亜鉛,ラニビズマブ注射などの治療は,AMDの進行と視力の管理に有望であることが示されています.
科学分野:
- オフタルモロジック (眼科)
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 年齢関連の黄斑変性 (AMD) は,高齢者,特にヨーロッパ系の人々の視力障害の主な原因です.
- 主なリスク要因には,高齢化,喫煙,コンプリメンタファクターHやLOC387715/HtrA1.1などの特定の遺伝マーカーが含まれます.
- AMDの正確な病原性は不明だが,酸化ストレスと炎症が原因と考えられている.
研究 の 目的:
- 年齢関連の黄斑変性 (AMD) リスク要因,病原性,治療選択肢に関する現在の理解をレビューする.
- AMDの発達における遺伝的および環境的要因の役割を強調する.
- AMDの新たな治療戦略について議論する.
主な方法:
- AMDの危険因子に関する疫学データと遺伝関連研究のレビュー.
- AMDの病原性における酸化ストレスと炎症の役割の分析.
- 抗酸化物質/亜鉛サプリメントとラニビズマブ療法の臨床試験結果の評価.
主要な成果:
- 年齢の増加と喫煙は,AMDの重要なリスク要因です.
- 補足因子HとLOC387715/HtrA1は,重要な遺伝的リスク因子として特定されています.
- 抗酸化ビタミンと亜鉛は,高度なAMDのリスクを約25%減らすことを示しています.
- 静脈内ラニビズマブは,新血管性AMDにおける視力を安定させ,改善します.
結論:
- AMDは,年齢,喫煙,特定の遺伝的傾向によって影響を受けます.
- 酸化ストレスと炎症は,AMDの病原性に関与しています.
- 栄養サプリメントや抗VEGF療法を含む現在の治療法は,AMD管理に治療的利点を提供しています.
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