中国南西部のトライアシク後期に由来する祖先の亀
Chun Li1, Xiao-Chun Wu, Olivier Rieppel
1Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesPO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China. lichun@ivpp.ac.cn
Nature
|November 28, 2008
まとめ
中国から新たに発見された亀の化石は,亀の殻の進化に関する重要な洞察を明らかにしています. この古代の爬虫類は,発達したプラストロンと,原始的なカーパスを有する中間段階を示しており,貝殻の起源を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 脊椎動物の解剖学について
背景:
- カメの体型図の進化的起源は,カメの高度に派生した解剖学により,爬虫類の進化における重要な謎である.
- 既知の最も古いカメであるプロガノケリスは,完全な殻を持ち,その進化の始まりに関する手がかりを提供していません.
研究 の 目的:
- プロガノケリスに先立ち,中国からの新しい,例外的に保存された化石の亀を記述する.
- カメの殻と関連する骨格構造の進化における中間段階を解明する.
主な方法:
- 中国で2億2000万年前の海洋埋蔵物から,新しい化石亀の種の古生物学的な発掘と分析.
- 新しい種の進化的位置を他のカメと比べて判断するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 完全に発達した腹部プラストロンを持つ新種のカメの記述ですが,神経板のみで構成された背面のカーパックです.
- 背部の肋骨が膨張した証拠と,新種の骨皮類が存在しない証拠.
- 系統遺伝学的分析は,この新しい種を,化石と現存する,既知のすべてのカメの基礎として位置づけています.
結論:
- 発見は,プラストロンがカーパックに先行して進化したことを示しています.
- カーパック形成の初期段階は,神経板の骨化と肋骨の拡大を含み,現代のカメの初期の胚発達を反映しています.
- この発見は,カメの殻が融合した骨皮から生まれたという仮説を否定し,明確な進化の経路を示唆しています.
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