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開発途上国および中所得国の36カ国で医薬品の価格,入手可能性,および手頃な価格:二次分析
A Cameron1, M Ewen, D Ross-Degnan
1Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 2, 2008
まとめ
薬の価格は多くの国であまりにも高く,民間部門の増額によってコストが大幅に増加しています. ジェネリック医薬品を促進し,新しい資金調達オプションを探求することは,アクセスの改善と手頃な価格の改善に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 健康経済学とは
- 医薬品政策について
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
背景:
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) とヘルス・アクション・インターナショナル (HAI) は,医薬品の価格,入手可能性,および手頃な価格を調査するための標準化された方法を開発しました.
- この研究は,36カ国で実施された45の国家および地方調査のデータを用いて,医薬品の利用可能性の二次分析を提示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 低,中所得国における医薬品の価格,入手可能性,および手頃な価格を分析する.
- 医薬品の調達と流通の効率を評価する.
- 高い患者料金に寄与する要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 36カ国の45件のWHO/HAI調査の二次分析.
- インフレ,デフレ,購買力パリティに調整したデータです.
- 比較基準として使用されるジェネリック製品の国際基準価格.
主要な成果:
- 公的部門のジェネリック医薬品の利用率は,WHO地域によって異なる (29.4%54.4%).
- 政府の調達価格の中央値は,国際基準価格の1.11倍であり,購入効率の幅の大きな変動があった.
- 民間部門の価格は,ジェネリック医薬品の国際基準価格の9~25倍,オリジナー医薬品の20倍以上であった.
- 民間部門のマークアップは2%から552%の範囲にあり,治療費はしばしば手頃な価格ではありませんでした.
結論:
- 公的および民間部門の医薬品価格は,不合理な増額による非効率的な購入と流通により,予想レベルを大幅に上回っています.
- ジェネリック医薬品と代替資金の促進を含む政策介入は不可欠です.
- 薬の入手可能性の向上,価格の低下,そして手頃な価格の改善は,公衆衛生上の重要な目標である.
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