肥満と痩せた双子のコア腸内微生物群
Peter J Turnbaugh1, Micah Hamady, Tanya Yatsunenko
1Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Nature
|December 2, 2008
まとめ
人間の腸内微生物群は,家族間で共有され,すべての人に存在する微生物遺伝子のコアセットがあります. 肥満は微生物遺伝子の変化と多様性に関連しており,腸内微生物群の機能的シフトを示しています.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 人体健康 人体健康 人体健康
背景:
- 人間の腸内微生物群は,消化不可能なポリサッカライドからエネルギー抽出を含む,重要な代謝機能を果たしています.
- ネズミでの以前の研究では,腸内微生物群が宿主のエネルギーバランスと肥満に影響することを示唆しています.
- 腸内微生物の多様性,機能,宿主遺伝子の関係を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ホストの遺伝子型,環境,脂肪が腸内微生物群の組成と機能にどのように影響するか調査する.
- 家族内の個体間で共有された微生物の遺伝子と機能的要素を特定する.
- 肥満が腸内微生物群の特定の変化と関連しているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 成人女性単胞子双胞胎および二胞子双胞胎のペアおよびその母親からの糞便の微生物コミュニティの特徴化.
- 細菌の16S rRNA遺伝子の配列を解析し,微生物の多様性と組成を評価する.
- 腸内微生物群の機能能力を分析するために,全ゲノムショットガン配列解析.
主要な成果:
- 人間の腸内微生物群は,特定のバクテリア系統の多様性を持つ家族間で共有されています.
- 生物の多様性にもかかわらず,遺伝子レベルではかなりの"コア微生物群"が存在する.
- 肥満は,微生物群の変化,細菌の多様性の減少,遺伝子表現と代謝経路の変化と関連しています.
結論:
- 多様な微生物コミュニティは,基本的な機能的な微生物群を共有することができます.
- このコアマイクロバイオームからの偏差は,肥満などの異なる生理学的状態と関連しています.
- ホストの要因は,腸内微生物群に大きく影響し,ホストの代謝と健康に影響を与えます.
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