芽生えた酵母菌の細胞極性の発達
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Cell
|June 28, 1991
まとめ
酵母細胞の極性研究は,芽形成を理解するために遺伝分析を利用しています. 研究により,分子経路と遺伝子相互作用が明らかにされ,細胞形態変異と発達に不可欠である.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 細胞の極性は,細胞生物学にとって根本的なものであり,多数の細胞過程に影響を与えます.
- イースト (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) は,他の生物と比較して,細胞の極性を研究するためのより単純なモデルシステムを提供しています.
- 酵母における洗練された遺伝分析により,細胞の極性および芽形成に関する多数の分子マーカーが得られました.
研究 の 目的:
- 酵母における細胞の極性形成の基礎となる分子メカニズムを解明する.
- 細胞の極性形成における様々な細胞プロセスの相互作用を理解する.
- モルフォゲネシスに関与する遺伝子を特定し分析する.
主な方法:
- 酵母を遺伝子分析のモデル生物として利用する.
- 細胞の極性および芽形成のための分子マーカーを特定する.
- モルフォゲネシスに関与する遺伝子間の遺伝的相互作用を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 芽形成のための分子イベントの明確に定義された進行が確立されています.
- モルフォゲネシスに不可欠な多数の遺伝子が特定されています.
- 遺伝子の相互作用は,遺伝子産物の協力的機能を示唆しています.
結論:
- 小型のGTP結合タンパク質は,S. cerevisiaeの細胞極性発達に不可欠である.
- 同時に起こる細胞の出来事の間の機能的関係が特定されています.
- 酵母における細胞学的および生化学的研究を継続することで,細胞の極性についての理解を深めることができます.
さらに関連する動画
11:19Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
Published on: February 20, 2017
12:15The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging
Published on: October 3, 2017
関連する概念動画
Yeast Signaling
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Polarity of the Cytoskeleton
The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
