クリプト幹細胞は,腸がんの起源となる細胞である
Nick Barker1, Rachel A Ridgway, Johan H van Es
1Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht & University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands.
Nature
|December 19, 2008
まとめ
腸がんは,アデノマトス型ポリポーシス・コーライ (APC) の変異から生じる. 長寿命の腸の幹細胞のAPCを削除すると,腫瘍の成長が急速に引き起こすが,一時的な細胞の削除はそうではない. これは,腸内腫瘍症における幹細胞の重要な役割を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 腸がんの発症には,Wnt経路を活性化する突然変異,特にアデノマトス型ポリポジス・コーライ (APC) が含まれる.
- 腸がんの正確な起源細胞を特定することは,大きな課題でした.
- Lgr5 (レウシンに富んだリピート,Gタンパク質結合受容体5を含む) は,長生きした腸の幹細胞を標識する.
研究 の 目的:
- APC変異によって引き起こされる腸腫瘍の起源細胞を決定する.
- 早期の腫瘍発育における腸の幹細胞とトランジット増強細胞の役割を調査する.
- 初期段階のアデノマにおける幹細胞の階層を解明する.
主な方法:
- Lgr5-発現する腸内幹細胞を標的としたタモキシフェン誘導性Creリコンビネーゼマウスモデルを使用しました.
- 誘発性アデノマ型ポリポシス・コーライ (APC) 遺伝子消去は,特に腸の幹細胞に特化した.
- 幹細胞におけるAPCの切除後の腫瘍発達の比較と,トランジット増強細胞の比較.
主要な成果:
- Lgr5+腸内幹細胞におけるAPCの削除は,数日以内に急速な変異とマイクロアデノマの形成につながった.
- 幹細胞に由来するマイクロアデノマは阻害されずに成長し,3~5週間でマクロアデノマに発展しました.
- トランジット増強細胞におけるAPCの消去は,マイクロアデノマの成長が停止し,大きなアデノマは稀である.
結論:
- APCの幹細胞特異的喪失は,漸進的に成長する腸内腫瘍を起こすのに十分である.
- 幹細胞/原始細胞の階層は,初期の腫瘍病変で維持されます.
- 出生細胞は,腸内腫瘍の持続的な成長と進行に不可欠です.
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