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関連する概念動画

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

細胞の核再プログラミング

J B Gurdon1, D A Melton

  • 1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 12N, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

核再プログラムにより,一つの細胞型を別の細胞型に変換し,細胞置換療法が可能になる. この技術は,免疫拒絶なしに患者特有の細胞を生成する可能性を秘め,再生医療を前進させています.

さらに関連する動画

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • 核再プログラミングは,細胞の遺伝子発現を変化させ,無関係な細胞タイプに似ているようにすることです.
  • 早期の証拠はカエルのクローニングから明らかになり,哺乳類の体細胞核移転と直接再プログラムを含む進歩がありました.
  • このプロセスは,同じ個体内のアクセシブルな組織から特殊な細胞を導出することを可能にします.

研究 の 目的:

  • 核再プログラム技術に関するバックグラウンドを提供するために.
  • 再プログラミングのメカニズムと効率について議論する.
  • 核再プログラム研究における将来の展望についてコメントする.

主な方法:

  • ソマティック細胞の核移転
  • 細胞融合は細胞融合である.
  • 誘発された多能性に対する子宮外遺伝子発現.
  • 直接再プログラムする.

主要な成果:

  • 異なる細胞タイプ (例えば皮膚細胞) から特化した細胞 (例えばニューロン) を成功裏に導出する.
  • 免疫拒絶を回避するオトログ細胞移植の可能性.
  • 再プログラミングによって多様な細胞種を生成する可能性を実証した.

結論:

  • 核再プログラミングは再生医療と細胞ベースの治療法にとって有望な可能性を秘めています.
  • 臨床応用には,メカニズムと効率に関するさらなる研究が不可欠です.
  • 患者特有の細胞を生成する能力は,様々な病気の治療に革命を起こす可能性があります.