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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
14:07

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

リン酸化安定カルバニオンとリン酸化イリドの核愛性パラメータ:ウィティグおよび関連するオレフィネーション反応への影響

Roland Appel1, Robert Loos, Herbert Mayr

  • 1Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377 Munchen, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 25, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,リン酸化物安定化カルバニオンとリン酸化イライドの反応性を比較した. カーバニオンはイリドよりも有意に反応性があり,反応性は電ophilic タイプとリチウムのような counterions によって影響されます.

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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

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Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Overview

The Wittig reaction is the conversion of carbonyl compounds-aldehydes and ketones-to alkenes using phosphorus ylides, or the Wittig reagent. The reaction was pioneered by Prof. Georg Wittig, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism

The Wittig reaction, which converts aldehydes or ketones to alkenes using phosphorus ylides, proceeds through a nucleophilic addition‒elimination process.
The reaction begins with the nucleophilic addition between a phosphorus ylide and the carbonyl compound. Due to its carbanionic character, phosphorus ylide acts as a strong nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group. This generates a charge-separated dipolar intermediate called betaine. The negatively charged oxygen atom and...
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Carbocations

Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.
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Reactions of α-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Nucleophilic Substitution

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