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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
Published on: February 15, 2016
ゼオライト合成における二四性アンモニウム化合物:メチレン鎖で結ばれた循環性および多循環性N-ヘテロサイクル
Anna Jackowski1, Stacey I Zones, Son-Jong Hwang
1Chevron Energy Technology Company, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 9, 2009
まとめ
研究者らは,ゲスト/ホストのシネージズムを使用して,新しい高シリカゼオライトを調査した. 新しい二四方性アンモニウム化合物は,SSZ-74とSSZ-75を含むユニークなゼオライト構造の発見につながった.
科学分野:
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
- 無機化学 無機化学とは
- クリスタル・エンジニアリング (Crystal Engineering) とは
背景:
- 高シリカゼオライトは,多様な産業用途を持つ重要な材料です.
- ゼオライト合成は,しばしば構造指向エージェント (SDA) またはゲストに依存します.
- ゲスト/ホストのシナジーズムは,新しいゼオライトのフレームワークを発見するための経路を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 高シリカゼオライト合成におけるSDAとして対称二四次アンモニウム化合物の影響を調査する.
- チェーンの長さやヘテロサイクルの構造がゼオライト形成に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 系統的なSDA改変を通じて,新しい高シリカゼオライト構造を発見する.
主な方法:
- 異なる鎖長 (C4-C6) とヘテロサイクルのサイズを持つ15種類の新しい二四次アンモニア化合物の合成.
- これらの化合物を135のゼオライト合成反応でテストし,B,Al,またはGeをフレームワーク置換剤として組み込みました.
- ゼオライトの形成を最適化するために,各ゲスト分子の9つのスクリーニング条件を採用します.
主要な成果:
- 18種類のゼオライト構造の合成と特徴づけに成功しました.
- 特定のピロリジンベースの二四性アンモニウム化合物を用いて,新しい高シリカゼオライト,SSZ-74およびSSZ-75の特定.
- ゼオライト合成のためのSDA設計における第2の空間パラメータの実証.
結論:
- 調整された構造を持つ二四次アンモニア化合物は,高シリカゼオライト合成のための効果的なSDAです.
- SDA鎖の長さとヘテロサイクルの幾何学の体系的な変動は,新しいゼオライトの枠組みの発見につながる可能性があります.
- この発見は,新しい多孔性の材料の設計と合成のためのツールキットを拡張します.
関連する概念動画
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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