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関連する概念動画

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le Chatelier's...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
12:18

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: October 21, 2018

オイル・ウォーター・インターフェース: 溶解電位のマッピング

Richard C Bell1, Kai Wu, Martin J Iedema

  • 1Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,石油と水のインターフェースのイオン溶解力を直接測定した. これは,生物学的および大気のシステムにおけるイオン行動の理論をテストするための新しい方法を提供します.

科学分野:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 表面科学とは,地表科学である.
  • 交通機関 交通機関 交通機関

背景:

  • イオンは,油と水のインターフェイスを横切るときに,重要な溶解変化を経験します.
  • これらの変化を理解することは,大気科学や生物学などの分野にとって極めて重要です.
  • このようなインターフェイスでのソルベーションポテンシャルを直接測定することは依然として困難です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 石油側から油と水のインターフェースに近づくセシウムイオン (Cs+) が経験する溶解力を直接測定する.
  • インターフェースでのイオン溶解電位を検知するための新しい実験方法の開発と検証.
  • 実験結果とイオン行動に関する理論的予測を比較する.

主な方法:

  • 分子ビームエピタキシを用いて30Kの油水界面 (3-メチルペンタン) の製造.
  • ソフトランディングイオンビームを使用して,インターフェース内の正確なイオン配置.
  • ケルビン探査機によるイオン運動の測定,90Kまで加熱すると,運動をソルベーションポテンシャル斜率と相関させる.
  • 潜力を決定するために,ソルベーションポテンシャル斜率を統合する.

主要な成果:

  • 油水界面から0.4~4nmのCs+イオンの溶解電位を直接測定する.

さらに関連する動画

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
12:18

Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

Published on: October 21, 2018

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

  • 溶解電位は,インターフェースから0.4 nm以上の距離でボーン型であることが判明しました.
  • 実験方法は,ソルベーションポテンシャルの局所的な傾きを成功裏に決定した.

    • 結論:

    • 開発された方法は,油と水のインターフェイスでイオン溶解電位を直接測定することを可能にします.
    • この発見は,イオン溶解の理論的モデルの実験的検証を提供します.
    • この技術は,生物学的界面と大気界面でのイオン運動の理論をテストするための経路を提供します.