1957年の国際地球物理年以来,南極の氷床表面の温暖化
Eric J Steig1, David P Schneider, Scott D Rutherford
1Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. steig@ess.washington.edu
Nature
|January 23, 2009
まとめ
南極の気温の変化は,半島だけでなく,西南極全域で顕著な温暖化を示しています. この温暖化傾向は,西風の強まりだけではなく,地域的な大気変動に関連しています.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 南極研究南極研究
背景:
- 南極の気温変化の評価は,歴史的に半島の温暖化と大陸の冷却を強調しています.
- このパターンはしばしば,環極の西風に影響する平流層オゾンの変化に起因する.
- 以前の観測は,期間と空間的範囲が限られ,不完全な画像を生み出しました.
研究 の 目的:
- より広い観測範囲で南極の気温動向を再評価する.
- 南極の温暖化の空間的範囲と規模を調査するために.
- 観測された南極の温度変化の要因を特定するために.
主な方法:
- 過去数十年にわたる広範な南極観測データの分析.
- 気候パターンをシミュレートするために一般的な循環モデルを使用します.
- モデルの出力を観察データと比較して,結果を検証する.
主要な成果:
- 大規模な温暖化は,西南極の大部分に広がり,これまで記録されたよりも大きな面積を占めています.
- 西南極の温暖化率は過去50年間で10年ごとに0.1°Cを超えており,特に冬と春に増加しています.
- 東南極は秋の降温を示していますが,大陸全体の平均地表温度の傾向は正です.
結論:
- 南極西部の観測された温暖化は,これまで理解されていたよりも広範囲に及ぶ.
- 温暖化は,西風の強度が増加しただけで説明できるものではない.
- 地域的な大気循環の変化,海面温度,海氷の動態は,西南極の温暖化の増大を説明する重要な要因である.
関連する概念動画
Thermosensation
29.7K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
29.7K
What is Climate?
17.5K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
17.5K
Global Climate Change
24.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.4K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
11.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
11.7K
Radiation: Applications
1.8K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
1.8K
Isothermal Processes
3.8K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
3.8K


