海洋の植物プランクトンは,の不足に対応して,非脂を使用します

Benjamin A S Van Mooy¹, Helen F Fredricks, Byron E Pedler

¹Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. bvanmooy@whoi.edu

Nature

|February 3, 2009

まとめ

低リン酸化海洋水の植物プランクトンは,非リン酸化脂質をリン酸化脂質に置き換えます. この適応により,細菌とは異なり,細胞のの必要性を減らすことで,成長を維持することができます.

科学分野:

マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー
海洋学海洋学海洋学

背景:

はすべての生命にとって不可欠であり,海洋プランクトンは核酸とリン酸化物でそれを貯蔵しています.
植物プランクトンは,希少な環境では細胞のリン含有量を減らすことができますが,そのメカニズムはほとんど理解されていません.

研究の目的:

植物プランクトンが低リン環境に適応するために使用する生化学的メカニズムを調査する.
フィトプランクトンがリンを節約するために膜脂質を代替するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

フォスホリピドと非フォスホリピドの含有量を,フォスホリプドが豊富で,フォスホリプドが少ない海洋地域の植物プランクトンで比較.
植物プランクトン培養における脂質組成を,リンを限定的条件下で分析する.
植物プランクトンと海洋ヘテロトロフ菌の脂質プロフィールを比較する.

主要な成果:

リンが限られた海洋 (サルガソ海) の植物プランクトンは,リンが豊富な地域 (南太平洋) に比べて,リン脂合成のためにリン酸を大幅に少なく使用しました.
非リン,硫黄,窒素を含む脂質は,リンが限られた植物プランクトンではより豊富であった.
これらの代替脂質は,を限られた植物プランクトン培養で支配的であり,細菌は fosfolipids を独占的に使用しました.

結論:

植物プランクトンは,リン脂を非リン脂に置き換えてリン酸化物の需要を減らす.
この脂質置換は,が限られた海洋環境で植物プランクトンの成長を可能にする重要な適応です.
代替脂質を使用するフィトプランクトンの能力は,ヘテロトロフ菌と区別し,オリゴトロフ海洋における栄養素の競争に影響を与えます.

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