希少な医療介入の割り当てに関する原則
Govind Persad1, Alan Wertheimer, Ezekiel J Emanuel
1Department of Bioethics, The Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 3, 2009
まとめ
この研究は,臓器やワクチンのような希少な医療資源の配分のための倫理的原則を評価しています. 公平な分配を確保するために,より若い個人を優先する"完全な生活システム"を提案しています.
科学分野:
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- 資源の配分 資源の配分
背景:
- 希少な医療介入 (臓器,ワクチンなど) は,倫理的な課題を継続的に提示しています.
- 既存の配分原則は,多くの場合,すべての関連する道徳的考察を捉えることができません.
研究 の 目的:
- 8つの単純な配分原理と3つの多原則システムを評価する.
- 倫理的な複雑さに対処する改善された配分システムを提案する.
主な方法:
- 原則の分類は,平等,最貧者,利益の最大化,社会的な有用性といったカテゴリに分けられる.
- 臓器共有のための統一ネットワーク (UNOS) ポイントシステム,品質調整生命年数 (QALYs),障害調整生命年数 (DALYs) の評価.
主要な成果:
- 単一の配分原則だけでは不十分です.
- UNOS,QALY,DALYなどの既存のシステムは,包括的な倫理的考慮において制限があります.
結論:
- 希少な医療資源の倫理的配分には,多原則のアプローチが必要である.
- 提案されている"完全な生命システム"は,より若い個人を優先し,多様な原則を組み込むことで,より倫理的に堅牢な枠組みを提供します.
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