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関連する概念動画

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

ライトゲート付きのSTOP-GO分子シャトル

Ali Coskun1, Douglas C Friedman, Hao Li

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 6, 2009
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は,光で動作するゲートを用いて分子シャトルを設計した. メチルまたはフッ素基をアゾビフェニロキシ単位に組み込むことで,彼らはシャトルを制御しました.

科学分野:

  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 分子機械とは,分子機械のこと.
  • フォトケミストリー フォトケミストリー

背景:

  • 退化した [2] ロタキサンは,シャットリングのための低活性化エネルギーバリアを持つ動的均衡を特徴とする.
  • スピードハンパー (ステリック/静電障壁) は,これらのエネルギー障壁を大幅に増加させることができます.
  • 4,4'-アゾビフェニロキシ (ABP) ユニットは,分子システムにおける光反応ゲートとしての可能性を秘めています.

研究 の 目的:

  • ABPユニットを改造することによって,光制御分子シャトルを設計する.
  • ステリック (メチル群) と電子 (フッ素原子) の改変がシャトルゲート機能に与える影響を調査する.
  • 光と熱エネルギーを用いて分子シャトルダイナミクスの精密な制御を実証する.

主な方法:

  • 4つのメチル群 (ABP-Me(4) と4つのフッ素原子 (ABP-F(4) を含む合成されたABP誘導体.
  • ゲートの状態を調節するために,紫外線と可視光を活用しました.
  • 異なる照明条件下でのシャトルプロセスの自由活性化エネルギー (DeltaG‡) を調査した.

主要な成果:

  • ABP-Me(4) により,ゲートが永久に閉鎖され,効果的なステリック障害を示した.

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Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

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  • ABP-F(4) は,光の切り替え可能な振る舞いを示した:紫外線で閉められ,可視光で開かれる.
  • 光は自由エネルギー障壁を逆転的に制御し",STOP"と"GO"状態を可能にすることが示されました.

    • 結論:

    • ABPユニットのカスタマイズされた改造により,光に対応可能な分子ゲートを作成できます.
    • ステリックおよび電子特性の光化学的制御により,分子シャトル運動のダイナミックな調節が可能になります.
    • この研究は,プログラム可能な機能を備えた高度な分子機械を開発するための道筋を提供します.